In a decisive policy shift, Sweden has banned the import and sale of kratom, a Southeast Asian plant with psychoactive properties, effective March 11, 2025. The move tightens restrictions introduced in 2016 when the country banned the plant itself over safety concerns.
Previously, Sweden categorized mitragynine—the primary active compound in kratom—as a narcotic in 1992. However, kratom material itself remained unclassified until its 2016 ban, allowing loopholes for its sale as soap or similar products.
This loophole, however, was addressed in early 2025 when Sweden’s Public Health Agency recommended reclassifying the substance entirely. Social Affairs Minister Jakob Forssmed supported the move, stating, “It has been very unsatisfactory that kratom has been able to be sold completely unregulated in Sweden as a result of a hole in the legislation.”
Data from Sweden’s Customs Service revealed a steep rise in kratom imports, jumping from 3 tons in 2019 to 42 tons by 2023. While neighboring nations and institutions grapple with its growing popularity, Swedish officials acted ahead of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs session in Vienna, Austria.
Kratom’s risks first became apparent in Sweden when contaminated products, such as the once-available “Krypton,” caused nine fatalities. Despite the bans and regulations, Swedish authorities continue to wrestle with a lack of studies measuring kratom’s impact on addiction and substance abuse. Meanwhile, police in Hälsingland have already seized quantities of the now-illegal product.
Sweden’s narcotics policies have long emphasized the goal of achieving a drug-free society, with a focus on both strict regulations and robust treatment options for individuals struggling with substance use. Drug treatment in the country is primarily managed by social services and county councils, offering facilities for detoxification, residential care, and opioid substitution therapy. These services prioritize a client-centered approach, aiming to rehabilitate individuals through personalized care and support.
The timing of Sweden’s action aligns with broader international discussions on drug regulation. The ban was implemented just days before the 68th Session of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs convened in Vienna, Austria. Sweden’s policy reflects its commitment to addressing emerging trends in substance use and maintaining a strict stance against potentially harmful narcotics.
While the ban represents a milestone in Sweden’s drug policy, questions remain about the broader implications of kratom’s use. Despite the plant’s growing popularity in Europe and beyond, Sweden has yet to conduct comprehensive studies on its effects, leaving gaps in understanding about its potential role in addiction or interactions with other substances.
This decision places Sweden among a small group of nations that have taken firm action against kratom. As other countries debate its regulation, Sweden’s approach may serve as a model—or a cautionary tale—for navigating the complex balance between public health, personal freedoms, and evolving drug trends.
